高二英语必修三Unit4知识点：Astronomy: the science of the stars
英语的母语使用者数量位居世界第三，常梦网为大家推荐了高二英语必修三Unit4知识点，请大家仔细阅读，希望你喜欢。
话题：
1. Science of the stars
2. The development of life
3. Space travel and gravity
功能：
How to give instructions
重点单词：
astronomy n. 天文学
system n.系统
theory n. 理论
religion n. 宗教
atom n. 原子
globe n. 球体;地球仪;地球
unlike prep. 不同
biology n. 生物
satellite n. 卫星
spaceship n.宇宙飞船
atmosphere n. 大气层;气氛
publish v. 出版;公开;发表
violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强烈的
fundamental adj. 基本的
multiply v. 增加;乘
thus adv. 因此
climate n. 气候
carbon n. 碳
solid n. 固体 adj. 固体的，坚固的
oxygen n. 氧气
chain n. 链子;
surface n. 表面
dioxide n. 二氧化碳
puzzle n. 谜;难题vt. 使迷惑
harmful adj. 有害的;伤害的
exist v. 存在
gravity n. 地心引力;重力
pull v. 拉;拖
crash v. 碰撞;坠落
float v. 漂浮;n. 漂浮物
mass n. 团;块;质量
重点短语：
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
solar system 太阳系
in time 及时;总有一天;总会
prevent…..from 防止
cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋
now that 既然
break out 爆发
in one’s turn 轮到某人;接着
watch out 密切注视;当心;
block out 挡住(光线)
重点语法：
Noun Clauses as the subject(主语从句)
知识梳理
一. 重点词汇精讲:
1. globe n. 球体;地球仪;地球
① The teacher asked all the students to have a globe each. 老师要求所有的学生每人都有一个地球仪。
② They like to travel around the globe. 他们喜欢环球施行。
[拓展] global adj. 全球的， 全世界的， 综合的，完全的
③ The commission is calling for a global ban on whaling. 委员会要求禁止捕鲸。
[活学活用]
① 我们出口商品到世界各地。
We export our goods _____________.
② 报告对该公司的问题作了综合性的论述。
The report takes a __________ view of the company’s problems.
③ 艾滋病是一个全球性问题。
Aids is a ___________ problem.
[剖析及答案] ① all over the globe 在此句中“globe”是“地球”的含义。②形容词做定语。global表示 “综合的”③形容词做定语。Global含义是“全球的”
2. violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强烈的 (语言和行动等)狂热的、激烈的
[拓展] violence n. 暴力，暴行
violently adv. 强烈地;激烈地;凶猛地
① In my opinion, they will never resort violent means. 在我看来，他们不会使用暴力手段。
② The debate grew more violent. 辩论变得更加激烈了。
③ Whatever happens, I will never use violence. 无论发生什么，我决不会使用暴力。
[活学活用]
① 船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
The boat sank in a ________ storm at sea.
② 我认为这是一种暴力行为。
I think it is an act of __________.
③ 不要猛烈地关门。
Don’t shut the door ________.
[剖析及答案] ①形容词做定语 violent ②violence ③with violence/violently
3. unlike prep.不像(是)…;和…不同
①She's very unlike her mother; they're completely unlike.
她很不象她的母亲，她俩完全不一样。
②The picture is quite unlike him. 那帧照片完全不像他。
[拓展] unlikely adj. 未必会发生的;不大可能的
likely adj. 有可能的
dislike v. 不喜欢
① It is unlikely that the thieves will be caught. 这伙窃贼被抓的可能性不大。
② Unlike John, Tom dislikes playing football. 与约翰不同，汤姆产喜欢踢足球。
[活学活用]
① 她的声音和平常完全不同。
Her voice was quite _______ her usual one。
② 我跟许多同学不同，我很喜欢听这个课。
I am very interested in the lecture, _________ many of the students.
③ 你很可能什么时候到?
When are you _________ to arrive?
英语是欧盟和许多国际组织与英联邦国家的官方语言之一，本站小编准备了高中二年级必修三英语Unit4知识点，希望你喜欢。
“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：
表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must, have to，表示假设。表示“命运注定……”，通常用于过去时。
How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢? Certain skills must be learned if one is to use English well.如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。
He was never to see his wife again.他注定再也见不到他妻子了。
Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗?
单项填空 In dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they . A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 解析:选B。考查真实条件句。are to survive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。
22. lay
lay the table摆桌子 lay eggs下蛋;产卵 lay oneself down to sleep躺下睡觉 注意下列词形变化： lay-laid-laid-laying放置;产卵 lie-lay-lain-lying躺;位于 lie-lied-lied-lying撒谎
23. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 twice as ...as ... 是……的两倍
拓展 英语中的倍数表达法： 倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是……的几倍 倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比……(多/大)几倍 倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。
This ruler is three times as long as that one. =This ruler is twice longer than that one. =This ruler is three times the length of that one.这把尺子是那把的三倍长。 There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
(1)翻译句子 这个房子是那个的三倍大。 (2)完成句子 到的客人是我们预计的两倍。 There are we expected . 答案：(1)This house is three times as big as that one./This house is twice bigger than that one./This house is three times the size of that one. (2)twice as many guests as
24. 回归课文 P.25 Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widelyaccepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whetherthe shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptilesappeared for the first time. They produced youngenerally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaursended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe theearth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
continued story 连载小说[故事]
P. 30 A VISIT TO THE MOON
Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship! Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. "Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground." I asked. "We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull," he explained, "so we feel as if there is no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shallfeel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's." I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. "Come on," I said. "If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!" I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. "Oh dear," I cried, "walking does need a bit of practicenow that gravity has changed." After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves. Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. "That was very exhausting but very exciting too," I said. "Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?" "Of course," he smiled, "which star would you like to go to?"
P. 66. CAUGHT BY A BLACK HOLE
The spaceship warned Li Yanping and me to be ready as we were approaching (靠近) the "black hole". We could see some faint lights around what looked like an empty space. Li Yanping said, "That empty hole is like a mouth always needing to be fed. Those lights are things that are being pulled into it by the gravity of the hole." We watched with interest and amazement at the lights which seemed to be going fainter and fainterround the edge of the black hole. Just then the lights on our spaceship went out and the computer stopped working. What was happening? I tried to turn the spaceship away from the hole but it would not move. Would it eat us too? Suddenly the spaceship jumped and began to move round the edge of the hole too. The gravity of the "black hole" was pulling us into its "mouth". As the spaceship moved round the black hole, I felt rather sick. My mouth went dry and I closed my eyes. All the storiesabout what happened when you were caught by the gravity of a "black hole" seemed to be true. But then the spaceship jumped again. This time it moved sideways and away from the edge of the "black hole". Someone watching me would have seen the spaceship flying like a bird away from the "black hole".But we felt nothing. At last we were able to look around us. Luckily the computer had started working again. We realized that we had discovered something new about "black holes". If you go inside the edge of a "black hole", it will "eat" you and there is no escape; but if you do not, you may have an opportunity to escape. How exciting!
高中二年级必修三英语Unit4知识点就为大家介绍到这里，希望对你有所帮助。
共和党是1854年成立的。
[活学活用]
①这是现存最早的汉语手稿
This is the oldest Chinese manuscript __________________________.
②火星上有生命吗?
Does life _______________?
[剖析及答案] ①in existence ②exist on Mars
二、重点短语精讲：
1. in time
介词短语，意为“最后;最终”，此外， 它还可以表示“迟早”“及时”(=sooner or later)
① You must go off now if you want to attend the meeting in time.
你若想及时参加会议，必须现在动身。
②Don’t worry-I’m sure things will get better in time.
不要担心-我相信情况迟早会有所好转的。
③ They managed to send the patient to hospital in time.
他们设法将病人及时送到了医院。
[活学活用]
和time有关的短语：
for the time being 暂时;眼下
at one time 曾经，一度
at times 有时
at the same time 同时
on time 按时
in no time 立刻
all the time 一直;始终
take one’s time 从容进行;别紧张
at a time 每次;一次
once upon a time 从前
kill time 消磨时间
in one’s spare time 在某人的业余时间
① I've told Paul several times to knock at the door before coming in! but he's forgetting things _.
A. on time B. in time C. in no time D. all the time
② The manager tapped me on the shoulder and said, “You are just _______.”
A. at times B. in time C. at a time D. in no time
[剖析及答案]
① 考查关于time的短语辨析，句意为“好多次我告诉保罗进屋前敲门，他总忘”因此答案为D
② 考查关于time的短语辨析。经理拍拍我的肩膀说：“你来的正是时候”。答案是B
2.now that
now that作连接词时，常用来引导一个原因状语从句。常说明原因摆在双方面前，大家都很清楚，无须加以说明。含义上相当于 “since”。常常译为“既然”。在口语中有时可以省略“that”。
① Now that/Since the fog is clearing, you can see the mountain in the distance.
雾已散，你能看到远处的山了。
② Now (that) the kids have left home, we’ve got a lot of extra place.
孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
③ You ought to have a good rest now (that) you’ve finished the work.
既然你已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。
[活学活用]
① 既然他们能骑马，那么猎取那些曾经大量存在于美洲草原上的野牛就更容易了。
_____________________________, it became easier to hunt the bison, a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.
② _________ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
[剖析及答案]
①Now (that)/Since they could ride horses
②该句意为“既然你已得到一次机会，你还是充分利用它为好”。might as well“还是…的好”;now that意为“既然”，连接一个表示原因的状语从句。
3. break out
(指战争、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生、爆发(没有被动语态和进行时态)
① The American Civil War broke out in 1861.
1861年美国爆发了南北战争。
② SARS broke out in Asian countries in 2003 and Bird Flu in Europe in 2005.
2003年亚洲上些国家爆发了“非典”疫情，而2005年欧洲出现了禽流感。
[活学活用]
和break有关的短语:
break down 分解，(计划等)失败，(机器等)坏了;(身体)垮了
break up 分解，拆散，结束，(关系)破裂，(夫妻)离异
break off 使终止，折断
break into 闯入，破门而入;打断
break in 闯入(vi.);插嘴
break away from 脱离
break through 突破;打通
本站小编为大家提供的高二英语必修三Unit4知识点，大家仔细阅读了吗?最后祝同学们学习进步。
英语是欧盟和许多国际组织与英联邦国家的官方语言之一，本站小编准备了高二英语必修三核心高频语言知识梳理，具体请看以下内容。
astronomy n.天文学
△astronomer n.天文学家
△solar adj.太阳的;日光的
system n.系统;体系;制度
solar system太阳系
religion n.宗教;宗教信仰
theory n.学说;理论
△Big Bang宇宙大爆炸;创世大爆炸
atom n.原子
billion pron.&n.&adj.英万亿;美十亿
globe n.球体;地球仪;地球
△global adj.全球性的;全世界的
violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
in time及时;终于
carbon n.碳
△nitrogen n.氮
△vapour n.蒸气;水蒸气
atmosphere n.大气层;气氛
unlike prep.不同;不像
fundamental adj.基本的;基础的
△presence n.出席;到场;存在
△dissolve vt.&vi.溶解;解散
harmful adj.有害的
acid n.酸
chain n.链子;连锁;锁链
△reaction n.反应;回应
multiply vi.&vt.乘;增加
oxygen n.氧
△shellfish n.水生有壳动物
△amphibian n.两栖动物
△reptile n.爬行动物;爬虫
lay eggs下蛋
△dinosaur n.恐龙
exist vi.存在;生存
△mammal n.哺乳动物
give birth to产生;分娩
thus adv.因此;于是
in one's turn轮到某人;接着
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
prevent.from阻止;制止
puzzle n.谜;难题
vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
biology n.生物学
biologist n.生物学家
gravity n.万有引力;重力
satellite n.卫星;人造卫星
gentle adj.温和的;文雅的
△geologist n.地质学家
physicist n.物理学家
block out挡住(光线)
△extinct adj.灭绝的;绝种的
climate n.气候
△comet n.慧星
crash vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落
△Isaac Newton艾萨克牛顿(英国科学家)
△Albert Einstein陈尔伯特爱因斯坦(德裔美国科学家)
△Stephen Hawking斯蒂芬霍金(英国科学家)
spaceship n.宇宙飞船
spaceship n.宇宙飞船
pull n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力
△lessen vi.&vt.减少;减轻
cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋
float vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物
△weightlessly adv.失重地
△cabin n.小屋;船舱
mass n.质量;团;块;大量;复群众
now that既然
△get the hang of熟悉;掌握;理解
break out突发;爆发
△exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽
watch out密切注视;当心;提防
核心高频词汇学习
1. spread vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸 The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。 Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构: spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺…… spread ...on ...把……抹/涂/铺在…… be spread for摆好(桌子)准备 spread oneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下) spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长 高手过招 单项填空 Paper making began in China and to Europe.
A. Spread B. grew C. Carried D. developed 解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。 2. method n. 方法 He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。 What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么?
拓展 by this means=in this way=with this method用这种方法
辨析 method/means method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。 a new teaching method一种新的教学方法 means(单复数同形)侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
选词填空(method/means) ①The quickest of travel is by plane. ②She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems. 答案：①means②method
3. harmful adj. 有害的
常用结构: do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意 harm one’s image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth. =It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处 be harmful to 对……有害 harm n.&v. 损害，伤害 Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
单项填空 He is a nice dog. He won’t do you any . A.ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm 解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示 “对某人有害”。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。 故选D。
4. mass n. 质量;团;块;大量;(前加the) 群众 A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。 She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。 The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。
mass vt.使集合 mass troops集合军队 The enemy are massing their forces for an attack.敌人在集结兵力发起进攻。
mass vi.集合, 集中, 聚集 Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。 Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
常用结构: be a mass of 遍体是……; 充满了…… in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地 in the mass 总体上;总的说来 the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分 masses of sth.大量的东西
单项填空 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of 解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
The gardens are a mass of flowers in spring. 春天花园里花团锦簇。
Her arm was a mass of bruises. 伤痕累累
5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔;移动; n.拉，拖;牵(引)力 You push and Ill pull. 你来推，我来拉。 I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
常用结构: pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于(某人/物) pull (sb.) back(使某人)退却;撤回(某人) pull off (sth.)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路至路侧停车处停下)pull out (sth.) 拉掉;使分离;掏出;驶离(车站) pull on 穿，戴上(袜子、手套等) pull together 同心协力;通力合作
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空
①I arrived as the last train was . ②He a gun and aimed at the criminal. ③So long as we , there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer. 答案：①pulling out②pulled out③pull together
6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋;(对)欢呼 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。 He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。
常用结构: cheer sb. on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up(使某人)更高兴;(使)振奋起来
拓展 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的;阴冷的
用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空 ①Your visit has greatly him up. ②The crowd the runners as they started the last lap. ③You look as though you need up. 答案：①cheered②cheered; on③cheering
7. puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)苦思;n.迷;难题 puzzled adj. 无法了解的;困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人费解的
Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。
常用结构： sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑 puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑 puzzle one’s brain冥思苦想;绞尽脑汁 solve a puzzle解决一个难题
用puzzle的适当形式填空 ①To explain the findings, he offers two theories. ②I that I haven’t heard from Liz for so long. ③She listened with a expression on her face. ④No one has yet succeeded in explaining the of how life began. 答案：①puzzling②am puzzled③puzzled④puzzle
puzzle vt. & vi. 为难, 伤脑筋, 苦思 The spelling of English is often puzzling. 英语的拼写法常常使人伤脑筋。 He puzzled his brains to find an answer.他冥思苦想寻求答案。
What he did puzzled me greatly.他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。 puzzle n. 智力测验, 智力玩具, 谜 He shows a great interest in crossword puzzles.他对填字游戏表现出很大兴趣。 难题; 令人费解的事[人]; 谜一般的事物 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。
近义词：confuse vt.使混乱， 混淆; 弄错 [常用被动语态]使慌乱， 使胡涂 干扰， 扰乱 Don't confuse Austria with [and] Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。 They asked me so many questions that I got confused.他们问了我许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。
8. exist vi. 存在，生存 existence n. 存在 Does life exist on Mars?火星上有生命吗? I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting.我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。
常用结构： exist+prep. 存在于某地方 exist on sth. 靠某物生存