高二英语必修三核心高频语言知识梳理：unit 4
英语是欧盟和许多国际组织与英联邦国家的官方语言之一，本站小编准备了高二英语必修三核心高频语言知识梳理，具体请看以下内容。
astronomy n.天文学
△astronomer n.天文学家
△solar adj.太阳的;日光的
system n.系统;体系;制度
solar system太阳系
religion n.宗教;宗教信仰
theory n.学说;理论
△Big Bang宇宙大爆炸;创世大爆炸
atom n.原子
billion pron.&n.&adj.英万亿;美十亿
globe n.球体;地球仪;地球
△global adj.全球性的;全世界的
violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
in time及时;终于
carbon n.碳
△nitrogen n.氮
△vapour n.蒸气;水蒸气
atmosphere n.大气层;气氛
unlike prep.不同;不像
fundamental adj.基本的;基础的
△presence n.出席;到场;存在
△dissolve vt.&vi.溶解;解散
harmful adj.有害的
acid n.酸
chain n.链子;连锁;锁链
△reaction n.反应;回应
multiply vi.&vt.乘;增加
oxygen n.氧
△shellfish n.水生有壳动物
△amphibian n.两栖动物
△reptile n.爬行动物;爬虫
lay eggs下蛋
△dinosaur n.恐龙
exist vi.存在;生存
△mammal n.哺乳动物
give birth to产生;分娩
thus adv.因此;于是
in one's turn轮到某人;接着
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
prevent.from阻止;制止
puzzle n.谜;难题
vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
biology n.生物学
biologist n.生物学家
gravity n.万有引力;重力
satellite n.卫星;人造卫星
gentle adj.温和的;文雅的
△geologist n.地质学家
physicist n.物理学家
block out挡住(光线)
△extinct adj.灭绝的;绝种的
climate n.气候
△comet n.慧星
crash vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落
△Isaac Newton艾萨克牛顿(英国科学家)
△Albert Einstein陈尔伯特爱因斯坦(德裔美国科学家)
△Stephen Hawking斯蒂芬霍金(英国科学家)
spaceship n.宇宙飞船
spaceship n.宇宙飞船
pull n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力
△lessen vi.&vt.减少;减轻
cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋
float vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物
△weightlessly adv.失重地
△cabin n.小屋;船舱
mass n.质量;团;块;大量;复群众
now that既然
△get the hang of熟悉;掌握;理解
break out突发;爆发
△exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽
watch out密切注视;当心;提防
核心高频词汇学习
1. spread vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸 The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。 Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构: spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺…… spread ...on ...把……抹/涂/铺在…… be spread for摆好(桌子)准备 spread oneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下) spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长 高手过招 单项填空 Paper making began in China and to Europe.
A. Spread B. grew C. Carried D. developed 解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。 2. method n. 方法 He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。 What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么?
拓展 by this means=in this way=with this method用这种方法
辨析 method/means method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。 a new teaching method一种新的教学方法 means(单复数同形)侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
选词填空(method/means) ①The quickest of travel is by plane. ②She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems. 答案：①means②method
3. harmful adj. 有害的
常用结构: do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意 harm one’s image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth. =It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处 be harmful to 对……有害 harm n.&v. 损害，伤害 Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
单项填空 He is a nice dog. He won’t do you any . A.ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm 解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示 “对某人有害”。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。 故选D。
4. mass n. 质量;团;块;大量;(前加the) 群众 A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。 She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。 The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。
mass vt.使集合 mass troops集合军队 The enemy are massing their forces for an attack.敌人在集结兵力发起进攻。
mass vi.集合, 集中, 聚集 Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。 Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
常用结构: be a mass of 遍体是……; 充满了…… in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地 in the mass 总体上;总的说来 the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分 masses of sth.大量的东西
单项填空 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of 解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
The gardens are a mass of flowers in spring. 春天花园里花团锦簇。
Her arm was a mass of bruises. 伤痕累累
5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔;移动; n.拉，拖;牵(引)力 You push and Ill pull. 你来推，我来拉。 I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
常用结构: pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于(某人/物) pull (sb.) back(使某人)退却;撤回(某人) pull off (sth.)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路至路侧停车处停下)pull out (sth.) 拉掉;使分离;掏出;驶离(车站) pull on 穿，戴上(袜子、手套等) pull together 同心协力;通力合作
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空
①I arrived as the last train was . ②He a gun and aimed at the criminal. ③So long as we , there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer. 答案：①pulling out②pulled out③pull together
6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋;(对)欢呼 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。 He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。
常用结构: cheer sb. on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up(使某人)更高兴;(使)振奋起来
拓展 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的;阴冷的
用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空 ①Your visit has greatly him up. ②The crowd the runners as they started the last lap. ③You look as though you need up. 答案：①cheered②cheered; on③cheering
7. puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)苦思;n.迷;难题 puzzled adj. 无法了解的;困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人费解的
Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。
常用结构： sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑 puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑 puzzle one’s brain冥思苦想;绞尽脑汁 solve a puzzle解决一个难题
用puzzle的适当形式填空 ①To explain the findings, he offers two theories. ②I that I haven’t heard from Liz for so long. ③She listened with a expression on her face. ④No one has yet succeeded in explaining the of how life began. 答案：①puzzling②am puzzled③puzzled④puzzle
puzzle vt. & vi. 为难, 伤脑筋, 苦思 The spelling of English is often puzzling. 英语的拼写法常常使人伤脑筋。 He puzzled his brains to find an answer.他冥思苦想寻求答案。
What he did puzzled me greatly.他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。 puzzle n. 智力测验, 智力玩具, 谜 He shows a great interest in crossword puzzles.他对填字游戏表现出很大兴趣。 难题; 令人费解的事[人]; 谜一般的事物 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。
近义词：confuse vt.使混乱， 混淆; 弄错 [常用被动语态]使慌乱， 使胡涂 干扰， 扰乱 Don't confuse Austria with [and] Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。 They asked me so many questions that I got confused.他们问了我许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。
8. exist vi. 存在，生存 existence n. 存在 Does life exist on Mars?火星上有生命吗? I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting.我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。
常用结构： exist+prep. 存在于某地方 exist on sth. 靠某物生存
exist as 作为...而存在, 以...形态存在 exist in 存在于...中 exist on 靠...生活[生存]
用exist相关短语的适当形式填空 ①This plant only Australia. ②Can you such a low salary? ③I doubt the of the UFO. 答案：①exists; in②exist on③existence
重点短语
9. in time意为“及时”时相当于early enough, soon enough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于sooner or later。 We got to the station just in time to catch the bus. =We got to the station just in time for the bus.我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。 The doctor came in time to save her life. 医生及时赶来救了她的命。 Youll succeed in time if you keep on working hard.假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。
拓展 be in time for sth./be in time to do sth. 对于某事是及时的/及时做某事 ahead of time提前;提早 all the time一直;始终 at one time曾经;一度 at a time一次 at times 有时 at the same time同时;然而;可是 from time to time不时;偶尔 in no time立刻;马上 take ones time不急，慢慢来 time and time again一次又一次;一再
单项填空 —I was disappointed in time when I didn’t pass the examinations. —Don’t be so discouraged. You’ll be successful in time. A./; / B. a; a C./; a D. a; / 解析:选D。
句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。
——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。
第一个空考查的是when 引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用in time。
10. prevent ...from 阻止;制止
The heavy rain prevented us from going there.这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。
辨析prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent, stop, keep与protect四者的常见结构为：
prevent ...(from) doing sth.;
stop ...(from) doing sth.;
keep ...from doing sth.;
均表示“阻止……做某事”。 上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop 与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略;
而keep ...from ...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。
另外， protect ...from ...表示“保护……不受……侵袭;阻挡;防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
This plan will be kept from being carried out.这个计划将被阻止实施。
Nothing can prevented you from winning as long as you persevere in your studies and never give your dream .
单项填空 Some policemen should be sent to them the trees. (原创) A. prevent; to cut down B. stop; cutting down C. keep; to cut down D. keep; cutting down 解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop ... from doing sth.阻止……做某事,其中keep ...from doing sth. 中的from不可省略。故选B。
11. break out 突发;爆发(无被动语态) Trouble may break out at any moment.灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。 When did the war break out? 战争什么时候爆发的? It was at midnight that a fire broke out.在午夜时分发生了一起大火。
拓展 break away from 脱离(政党等);打破(陈规等) break down 出故障;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉 break in 破门而入，闯入;打断(话语)等 break into 破门而入;突然……起来 break off 折断;突然中止;断绝;结束 break through 突破 break up 敲碎;放假;散会
特别放送：
break new ground 更好成绩：在以前取得的成绩上更进一步： They broke new ground in the field of computers. 他们在计算机领域取得新进展。 break (one's) neck 竭尽全力：尽最大可能的努力
辨析 come about/happen/take place/break out/occur
1) come about 发生，相当于happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。 happen 强调偶然发生。不可以使用被动语态 take place 指按计划、安排发生;举行.不可以使用被动语态 2) break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。不可以使用被动语态
occur 常用于句式： sth. occurs to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。
happen 常用于句式：
It happened that偶然..., 碰巧... happen upon sb. in the street在街上偶遇某人
用break相关短语的适当形式填空
①A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004. ②When do you for Christmas? ③Negotiations between the two sides have . ④His house was last week.
答案：
①broke out②break up③broken down④broken into
12. block out 挡住(光线) That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
拓展 burst out 大声喊叫;突然……起来 go out 外出;过时;熄(灯) put out 关(灯);扑灭;生产 come out 出现，显露;出版;结果是 help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境) look out留神;注意 watch out 注意;提防;向外看 find out 找出，查明，发现 pick out挑出;辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说;大胆地说 think out仔细思考(某事);想出(主意等) hang out 挂出;闲逛 knock out (拳)击中，击倒，打昏 sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销 turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽 check out 结账离去，办妥手续离去 give out 分发(试卷等);发出(光、热等);用尽;耗完;筋疲力尽
用out相关短语的适当形式填空
①At the end of the race his legs and he collapsed on the ground. ②It' s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall. ③His new book will next month. ④We thought it was going to rain; it to be a fine day. ⑤We of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.
答案：①gave out ②pick; out ③come out ④turned out ⑤checked out
13.approach v.靠近;对付;方式;方法;道路 approach to...(做某事的)方法/途径;接近，靠近 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 make an approach to向……提出建议或要求 ...be approaching……快到了
approach sb. on/aboutsth.向某人接洽[商量、交涉]
make approaches to sb.设法接近某人, 想博得某人的好感
approach a problem from different angles由不同的角度研究一个问题 approach sb. with a suggestion向某人提出建议 He approached the new job with enthusiasm.他满怀热情地去干新的工作。
(1)As I was about to leave，a man who had been listening approached me and asked me to wait outside for a while.(2011•安徽) 就在我正要离开时，一个一直在倾听(我说话)的人靠近我，并告诉我在外面等一会儿。 (2)The time for graduation .毕业的日子即将来临。 (3)The approach was a narrow path.通往这所房子的路是一条狭窄的小径。
(2)is approaching (3)to the house
思考 表达“(做)……的方法”的搭配有：
the approach to (doing) sth.,
the way to do/of doing...,
the means of (doing) sth.,
the method of (doing) sth.。 写作句组——满分作文之佳句 a.We make good use of it only when we have an appropriate approach to the Internet. b.On seeing him approach, I immediately turned my face to a shop.
14.represent v.代表; to be a sign or symbol of sth.表示;象征;描绘
represent sb./sth. as/to be...宣称某人为……;把某事叙述为…… represent sth. to sb.向某人说明/传达某事 representative adj.典型的，有代表性的;n.代表
be representative of(=be typical of)是……的代表，是……中典型的
stand for代表;象征 on behalf of sb.=on sb.’s behalf代表某人;为了某人;代替某人
(2)You should your complaints the management.你们应向管理阶层说明你们的不满。 (3)He is a people’s . 他是一位人民代表。
2.(2)represent;to (3)representative
15.defend v.to protect sb./sth. from attack防御;保卫;辩解 defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害;保卫某人(物) defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护
defense n.防御;保卫，保护;辩护 in defense of保卫……;为……辩护
protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害。
defend the motherland 保卫祖国
(1)Unfortunately，that is often inaccessible as blockedby the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. (2011•重庆，)不幸的是，这一点经常很难做到，因为它受到人们某种愿望的阻碍，这种愿望包括做一些令人惊讶的事或维护某些特别的利益。 (2)He his students the earthquake.他保护学生使他们不受地震的伤害。 (3)Attack is the best .进攻是最好的防御。
(2)defended;against(3)defense
16.ease v.to become or to make sth. less unpleasant, painful, severe, etc.减轻;缓解;
n.lack of difficulty容易;轻易 ease...of...解除……;减少…… at (one’s) ease轻松;安逸 with ease容易地 put sb. at (one’s) ease使某人自在;使某人舒适 ill at ease心神不宁;局促不安
Her mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe.听说孩子们都很安全，她才放心
He eased his conscience by returning the stolen money.还了偷来的钱，他的心理才得到了安宁
He writes with ease.他笔墨流畅。
ease sb.'s anxiety减轻某人的忧虑
ease sb. of his pain [trouble]减轻某人的痛苦[烦恼]
Can I ease you of your burden?我能减轻你的负担吗?
With success , John was finally able to ease off.(事业)成功之后, 约翰终于能够轻松些了。
(1)This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy... (2011•浙江) 通过道歉和带有诚意的解释——解释服务没有达到通常标准的原因，这一点是可以解决的…… (2)He passed the exam .他轻松地通过了考试。 (3)He himself his pain.他减轻了痛苦。
(2)with ease(3)eased;of (ease...of...解除……;减少……)
17.in general总的来说;通常
generally speaking总的来说;一般来说 in short/brief/sum简而言之，总之 on the whole=to be short总的来说 conclusion总而言之 all in all总的来说)
(1)He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100years. (2011•湖北)他把人类看成是一个大公司，总的来说，这个公司100年以来几乎什么也没做，除了进步以外。 (2) ，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.一般来说，大约10%的求职者最终得到了职位。 (3) speaking，boys like ball games.一般来说，男孩子都喜欢球类运动。
(2)In general (3)Generally
思考题 其他意为“总之”的短语：
in a/one word
to be brief
to sum up
18.turn one’s back to背对;背弃 turn back往回走;折回 back恢复;取回 fight back还击;还手 take back收回 bring back归还 look back回头看 (1)And they allowed time to look back and learn. (2011•四川) 并且他们允许有时间回头看一看和学习。 (2)He went over to say hello to her，but she him.他走过去向她问候，但是她不理睬他。
(2) turned her back to
19.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.然而，来自西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能接触对方。
句式提取：be likely to do
sb.be likely to do sth. It is likely that sb.... It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)可能做某事 (1)
(2) be fired by the company because of their fault.由于他们的过失，他们可能被公司解雇。 (3)It’s possible for him .他可能来这里。
(2)They are likely to (3)to come here
写作句组——满分作文之佳句 a.It’s probable that our own way to do things is the better one. (2009•北京) b.To make matters even worse，it might also have a bad influence on our health. (2009•江苏)20.She looked as if she was from a Middle Eastern country，...她看起来好像来自中东国家，……
句式提取：as if引导从句 (1)as if/though可引导表语从句和状语从句。
若表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were(有时也可用was);
若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词则用had+过去分词;
若表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词则用would+动词原形。 (2)如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符，就要使用陈述语气。 (1)Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever. (2011•湖南)杰克什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。 (2)He looked as if he something about it.他好像已经知道了一些情况。 (3)It seems as if the boy his way.那个男孩好像迷路了。
(2)had known (3)has lost
21. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
What it was to become ...是what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作become 的宾语。
What surprised everybody was that he didn't come to the meeting. 使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
What he did added to our difficulty. 他所做的增加了我们的困难。
“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
When are they to hand in their plan? 他们的计划什么时候交上来? You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
高中是人生中的关键阶段，大家一定要好好把握高中，编辑老师为大家整理的高二英语必修三核心高频语言知识梳理，希望大家喜欢。