2014英语期中试题高三下册
2014英语期中试题高三下册
英语期中试题高三下册第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How can you tell if someone's lying? The answer is, they're probably not.
Traditional economics says that people are _1 human beings who will lie if it's to their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, we're pretty _ 2 --especially when we're at home.
Researchers in Germany 3 people at home and asked them to toss(投掷) a coin. There was a strong 4 incentive(刺激) to lie about the result: if the coin landed tails-up, the participants would receive money, while if the coin landed heads-up, they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone, they knew there was no 5 _ of getting caught ifthey lied.
And yet people told the 6 . Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time. In this 7 0ver halfthe people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up, which meant they would receive nothing.
Previous studies had found that people were more 8 . In those laboratory studies, 75% of people reported a - 9 coin and asked for a reward. So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes that makes us play fair, although it's not yet clear why.
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly 10 . Even in the laboratory, 25% of people 11 a reward by telling the truth. The researchers say this is because honesty is 12 valued in human society.We care about our 13 and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people. So lying has a psychological 14 and it seems this cost is more important than the
financialbenefits of 15 .
l.A.poor B.kind C.generous D.reasonable
2.A. honest B. strict C. calm D. afraid
3.A.visited B.saw C.phoned D.caught
4. A. mental B. financial C. technical D. educational
5.A.idea B.need C.evidence D.risk
6.A.difference B.truth C.story D.secret
7.A.case B.interview C.speech D.study
8. A. faithful B. grateful C. disappointed D. dishonest
9.A.missing B.losing C.winning D.shining
l0.A.reliable B.greedy C.brave D.wealthy
ll.A.received B.refused C.won D.required
12.A.highly B.normally C.formally D.poorly
13.A.money B.family C.jobs D.reputation
14.A. reason B. effect C. cost D. function
15. A. studying B. lying C. phoning D. reporting
笫二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为16~25的相应位置上。
Nearly all of us have dreamed about winning the big prize in a lottery(彩票).We dream about 1 6 we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us.
For most of us, our way of life is closely linked 17 0ur economic circumstances. The
different parts of 1 8 lives fit together like a jigsaw(拼板)-work, home, friends, hobbies, and sports make up our world. 19 sudden fortune would change it all and break the jigsaw. For example, most people like the idea 20 not having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no reason to get up in the morning. It seems great 2 1 (move) to a bigger house in a wealthy area, 22 if you do that, you leave old friends behind.
Usually, winners 23 (advise) not to publicize their address and phone number, but begging letters still arrive. 24 they are not careful, most of their money will be spent on the 25 (protect) of their homes and swimming pools and their sanity!
II阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节阅读理解(共’20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
A
James Dean was not very tall-he was less than average height. He had thick, light brown hair and blue eyes. He was so near-sighted that he could hardly see anything without his glasses.
He came to Hollywood when he was eighteen, hoping to get into the movies. At first, he was not successful at all, and for a time he was so short of money that he had to live entirely on dry oatmeal. Then he went to New York. He got a part in a play and was seen by the great director Elia Kazan. Kazan was planning the movie East of Eden and realized Dean would be perfect for one of the main roles.
By this time, Dean already had a reputation for being odd and difficult to work with. He then went back to Hollywood to make East of Eden and then made two more movies, Rebel Withhout a Cause and Giant. He almost always wore the same overcoat and jeans and he had hardly any friends at all. "If he didn't like you, he wouldn't even give you the pleasure of his anger. You could be in the same telephone booth with him, but you wouldn't exist," someone who knew him said later.
In spite of his poor eyesight, he loved driving fast motorcycles and even faster sports cars. A few days after he finished Giant, on September 25, 1955, Dean went for a drive in his new Porsche. It was evening and the light was poor. Dean was not wearing his glasses. Suddenly, he saw a car in front of him. It was slowing down and trying to turn off the highway. Dean tried to slow down too, but it was too late. He hit the car at high speed and was killed immediately.
Two German girls killed themselves when they heard the news because "life would be
unbearable without him." A few years later, a New York salesclerk wrote a book called Jimmy Dean Returns in which she claimed that she was in contact with Dean from the other side of the grave. Half a million copies of the book were sold. It was only the beginning of a strange legend(传奇) that goes on, even today.
26. According to the passage, James Dean _______.
A. had poor eyesight but wore no glasses B. went to Hollywood to direct a play
C. often got his clothes changed D. was once a poor man in Hollywood
27. Which is the most important to Dean's success in his career?
A. He directed a successful movie. B. He played a role in Elia Kazan's movie.
C. He wrote a play for a famous director. D. His odd temper made him very famous.
28. Which of the following is probably TRUE about Dean?
A. He acted in two plays in Hollywood. B. He was too shy to express himself.
C. He committed suicide on a highway. D. He was a crazy fan in fast driving.
29. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. People are still interested in Dean's story. B. Someone hid Dean in another place.
C. Dean's death made the whole world sad. D. People can still contact Dean now.
30. What does the passage intend to tell us?
A. The death of James Dean. B. James Dean's movies.
C.The beginning of a legend. D. The life of an actor.
B
Do you know the open-air art gallery in London's Blackall Street? Probably -not. Not many Londoners know it either, but Henri does and he is willing to show it to you.
Henri used to sleep in parks until he met a charity(慈善机构) that helps homeless people get back on their feet by becoming tour guides.
Rather than show traditional London sights, “Unseen Tours" take people off the beaten track. Henri has been teaching tourists about the history and architecture of Shoreditch, where he slept on public benches for three years.
When he felt separated from the society, contact with the volunteer network "The Sock Mob" gave Henri hope. "Not everyone just looked down on me," he said. The tours aren't the only actions trying to help those who have suffered a misfortune to stand tall again.
An innovative(创新的) college for homeless people in London, the first ofits kind in the country, is attracting hundreds of students. The Recovery College, set up by St Mungo's charity, is providing courses designed to improve technical skills and life skills.
According to Andy Williams, who helps to organize the college, the most popular courses have proved to be about raising self-confidence and developing self-pride.
Steve, now in his 50s, told a reporter how much of a difference it makes to "have a bit of confidence". He had difficulty learning to read and had to leave school when he was 12. Because Steve's problem was not recognized at the time, he was "seen to be unable to read or write", and suffered with depression and alcohol addiction. He says the status of "student" is itselfimportant for people who are used to being treated as outcasts(被遗弃者)
Some charities aim not only to help the homeless become independent but also to make them popular. The Homeless World Cup started ten years ago. Today the tournament draws teams from 48 countries made up of players-men and women-who are, or have been, living in the streets. It gives them a chance to become football heroes.
31. The underlined part "take people off the beaten track" means "take people to______.”
A. famous galleries B. traditional sights
C.unusualplaces D. public benches
32. How does the Recovery College help the homeless people?
A. By training them to be guides, B. By offering them different courses.
C. By keeping in contact with them. D. By asking more students to help them.
33. At the age of 12, Steve _______ .
A. wasn't treated as a normal student B. had much confidence in himself
C. didn't want to study at school D. left school because of depression
34. The purpose of the Homeless World Cup is to help the homeless people _______.
A. become football stars B. improve life skills
C. gain self-confidence D. find properjobs
35. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Confidence Back Now. B. London Tour.
C. The Popular Homeless. D. Football Heroes.
C
For years we have been dieting strictly after the year-end overeating, afraid that when summer. comes, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate. Now scientists say, it's a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖).
As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives, millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures. But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmas
turkey or hot chocolates, but some bacteria in your guts(肠).
Chinese scientists recently discovered a type ofbacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity.
A research team led by Zhao Liping, a professor in Shanghai, has identified a precise link
between a particular kind ofbacteria and unusual weight gain.
"The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat. And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat," Zhao says.
Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it.
In 2004, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.
While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter.
"The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing," says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health. "But the problem is that we're only able to look at associations and aren't yet able to conduct cause-and-effect studies."
In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria,
leading t0 35 percent ofthe gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg.
Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized
nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.
After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.
36. We diet strictly after the year-end overeating because________.
A. we won't betray ourselves
B. we eat too much turkey
C. there are bacteria in our guts
D. we don't want to look fat
37. What can be learned from Zhao's research?
A. Obesity is related to a kind of bacteria.
B. Healthy diet helps reduce your fat.
C. Chocolate doesn't cause weight gain.
D. Too much food leads to overweight.
38. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Scientists didn't try to find out the cause of overweight.
B. There is a link between mice's overweight and human's.
C. Lita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.
D. Scientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.
39. The patient finally lost 51.4 kg of his weight after ______.
A. 35 percent of his gut bacteria were killed
B. the amount of gut bacteria was decreased
C. he had a special kind ofoperation
D. his fatty liver had disappeared
40. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. People's eating habits.
B. Healthy lifestyles.
C. A medical discovery.
D. The consequence of obesity.
D
Several years ago, I had to replace a receptionist for my unit. Before I advertised for the position, I was approached by another manager, and asked ifl would consider a transfer from his staffinstead of opening a new competition. My natural question was to ask who he wanted me to consider and why.
It appeared from his description of this employee, Maria, that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties, and had difficulties with her boss, and did not appear to respond to any attempts he, the manager, had made to settle the issues. Now, after listening to his explanation, I really had severe doubts. What crossed my mind, after this discussion, was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands.
I told him I would think about it and would let him know the next day. As promised, after thinking more about this potential performance issue, I decided that I would agree to speak with Maria privately before I made any decision.
And, what I found out during this interview, left me deep in thought. As it tumed out, the performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning. greeting, never gave a word of encouragement, and was constantly changing the work load and routines. The end result was a totally ruined employee who was unconfident, hated to see a new work day start.
I decided to accept her transfer to my unit. What started out as a shy, withdrawn and frightened employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employee that I had eyer worked with. Maria couldn't do enough and was constantly asking for more and for more responsibility. I was morethan happy to give her what she needed-praise for work well done, respect as a person, and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with.
Sometimes, we are guilty of holding others back from accomplishing or doing, or developing as they should or could. It may be a wise idea that we all look in the mirror, from time to time, to seewhat we are really like.
41. What can we leam about the writer from the first paragraph?
A. He is a manager in the company.
B. He doesn't like his receptionist.
C. He likes to compete with others.
D. He wants to find another position.
42. After hearing his colleague's description of Maria, the writer thought that Maria_______.
A. attempted to settle the issues
B. was a problem to her boss
C. shouldn't stay in the company
D. could get on well with others
43. Why did Maria fail to perform well in her previous job?
A. Her previous job was not suitable for her.
B. She had difficulty responding to her manager.
C. Her boss didn't inspire her working enthusiasm.
D. Her boss showed no trust in her ability.
44. The writer accepted Maria's transfer to unit probably because he thought that
A. she was a ruined employee
B. she would need his protection
C. she would turn out to be a good employee
D. she was a shy and frightened employee
45. The writer probably believes that a good boss should____.
A. praise and award his employees a lot
B. respect, praise and encourage his employees
C. greet his employees and give them much work
D. always give his employees guidance in working
第二节信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请将答案填涂在答题卡标号为46~50的相应位置上.
首先，请阅读以下职位招聘信息：
请阅读以下人员信息，然后匹配人员与相关职位：
46. Theresa Gower (aged 21)
Has just finished college with a degree in Mathematics. Studied French in high school. Can drive and has a pleasant, outgoing personality. Is willing to do anything for a few months as long as it is interesting. Caring and patient. Likes animals.
47. Martin Badger (aged 27)
Seven years of working experience as a teacher in a public school and two years in this network corporation. Got degrees both in Maths and computer engineering. Tired of the present job in the corporation now. Would like ajob back at school, no matter teaching or something else.
48. Carol Simpson (aged 21)
Graduated from high school at 18 with good grades in all subjects, especially math and science. Now works as a receptionist for an advertising agency but doesn't find it very interesting. Optimistic about things. Gets along well with all kinds ofpeople and would like to travel.
49. Paul Edison (aged 22)
Has just graduated from a university. Got a degree in French and can speak good Spanish and English as well. Is an ambitious man who really wishes to succeed in his future. Can communicate well with others. Now seeking a suitable post.
50. Mike Lopez (aged 27) .
Now employed as a television repair serviceman but wants something better. Speaks Spanish well. Is a good conversationalist and is very intelligent. Will work long hours, day and/or night, but must have weekends free for his family.