高考英语必会语法,动词的分类!
一. 动词概说
1. 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。
1)表示动作:swim游泳;push推
2)表示状态:have有;be是
2. 英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。
二. 动词的分类
1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1) 谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如:
He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。
2) 非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:
I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)
I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(现在分词)
Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(过去分词)
2. 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1) 实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:
The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。
He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。
We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。
2) 连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:
It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。
The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。
Keep quiet,please!请安静!,
The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。
Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。
The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。
[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如:
The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。
Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。