2016考研英语长难句翻译实例解析四步法
翻译是考研英语中的固有题型，随着对长难句考察的侧重，近年来的翻译题中也出现了越来越多的长句子，做好考研英语长难句翻译，是考取理想分数的重要环节。
一般来说，长难句的翻译可以分四步进行：第一步是找主干，一个句子只能有一个主干，先把主干找出来，剩下的修饰部分也就容易辨认了;第二步是分析句子结构，把句中的各种从句、修饰成分都一一找出来，整理清楚，结构就明确了;第三步是逐句翻译，因为句子结构复杂，包含多层意思，很难直接完整地译出来，所以可以先把从句翻译出来，化繁为简;第四步是把译好的分句连缀起来，顺序可稍加调整，使之符合汉语习惯，表达流畅。
例1：
【原句】The United States is the product of two principal forces——the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
【解析】主句：The United States is the product of two principal forces，同位语并列结构：the immigration of European peoples...and the impact of a new country，定语从句：which modified these traits.
【译文】美国是两种主要力量的产物——即思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民和新国家修改这些特征的影响的产物。
例2：
【原句】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ill” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【解析】介词短语作状语：During the discussion of rock...;非谓语动词作后置定语：the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting;句子主干(并列结构)：Levin asserted...and even cited...;宾语从句：that “music is not the cause of society’s ill”;同位语：his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York;定语从句：who uses rap to communicate with students.
【译文】在上个月的股东大会上，大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。莱文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”，他甚至还以自己的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一名教师，用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流。
例3：
【原句】”The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it givens freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”
【解析】主句：he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column;主句的宾语从句2(直接引语)：The test of any democratic society lies not in...but in...;从句的宾语从句1：how well it can control expression;从句的宾语从句2：whether it givens freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude;从句的让步状语从句：however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be;主语的宾语从句2：We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.
【译文】他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：“任何一个民主社会的考验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们最广泛的思考和表达的自由，无论有时这种结果会引起多大的争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”
通过以上几个例子，相信大家对于考研英语长难句翻译有了更清晰的思路，相信大家一定可以战无不胜!