LAMP环境搭建详细参数文档
准备工作
1、安装编译工具gcc、gcc-c++、make
注意解决依赖关系,推荐使用yum安装,若不能联网可使用安装光盘做为yum源——
1)编辑yum配置文件:
Mount /dev/cdrom /mediavi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo [c5-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Mediabaseurl=file:///media * 修改为光盘挂载点enabled=1 * 改为1意为启用gpgcheck=0gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
2)设置alias值:
Vi /etc/bashrcalias yum="yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c5-media"
3)依次安装gcc、gcc-c++
Yum -y install gcc*
2、卸载系统Apache、MySQL和PHP的RPM安装包
下载前需关闭启动的服务,如httpd、mysqld
service httpd stopservice mysqld stop
卸载RPM包的Apache、MySQL、PHP
yum remove httpdyum remove mysql
建议使用rpm –e http-1.2.3.rpm --nodeps (截断这个rpm包的依赖性)
3、关闭SELinux,允许防火墙80端口访问
1)关闭SELinux
vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabled * 若安装时没有禁用SELinux ,将enforcing改为disabled修改后需重新启动Linux方可生效!
2)关闭防火墙Netfilter/iptables
因尚未做防火墙讲解,直接简单的关闭所有防火墙设置:
iptables -F * 如果没有禁用防火墙,默认80端口禁止访问service iptables save 防火墙策略写到/etc/sysconfig/iptables,以后计算机重启再加载这个文件时,防火墙策略就会永久清空.
编译安装
每个源码包配置编译安装完成后,确认安装目录下是否生成安装文件
1、安装libxml2
cd /lamp/libxml2-2.6.30./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2/ make make install
2、安装libmcrypt
cd /lamp/libmcrypt-2.5.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt/ make make install
需调用gcc-c++编译器,未安装会报错
3、安装libltdl,也在libmcrypt源码目录中,非新软件cd /lamp/libmcrypt-2.5.8/libltdl
./configure --enable-ltdl-installmakemake install
4、安装zlib
cd /lamp/zlib-1.2.3./configure make make install
zlib指定安装目录可能造成libpng安装失败,故不指定,为卸载方便,建议make install执行结果输出到安装日志文件,便于日后卸载
5、安装libpngcd /lamp/libpng-1.2.31
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng/makemake install
6、安装jpeg6
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/binmkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/libmkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/includemkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg6/man/man1cd /lamp/jpeg-6b./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --enable-shared --enable-staticmakemake install
--enable-shared与--enable-static参数分别为建立共享库和静态库使用的libtool
7、安装freetypecd /lamp/freetype-2.3.5./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype/makemake install
8、安装autoconf
cd /lamp/autoconf-2.61 ./configure make make install
9、安装GD库
mkdir /usr/local/gd2cd /lamp/gd-2.0.35
png错误,修改方法:
vi gd_png.c
把#include “png.h”替换#include "/usr/local/libpng/include/png.h"./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2/ --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/ --with-png=/usr/local/libpng/ Make如果出现错误,把上面的两步重新执行一次. make install
若前面配置zlib时没有指定安装目录,gd配置时不要添加--with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib/参数
10、安装Apache
cd /lamp/httpd-2.2.9 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --sysconfdir=/usr/local/apache2/etc/ --with-included-apr --enable-so --enable-deflate=shared --enable-expires=shared --enable-rewrite=shared make make install
若前面配置zlib时没有指定安装目录,Apache配置时不要添加--with-z=/usr/local/zlib/参数
启动Apache测试:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl startps -le | grep httpd
若启动时提示/usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_deflate.so无权限,可关闭SELinux或者执行命令chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_deflate.so ,类似此类.so文件不能载入或没有权限的问题,都是SELinux问题,使用命令:“chcon -t texrel_shlib_t 文件名”即可解决,MySQL和Apache也可能有类似问题。
通过浏览器输入地址访问:http://Apache服务器地址,若显示“It works”即表明Apache正常工作
设置Apache系统引导时启动:
echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
11、安装nurses
(1)yum –y install ncurses*
(2)源代码编译:
cd /lamp/ncurses-5.6./configure --with-shared --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwritemake make install
若不安装ncurses编译MySQL时会报错
--without-ada参数为设定不编译为ada绑定,因进入chroot环境不能使用ada ;--enable-overwrite参数为定义把头文件安装到/tools/include下而不是/tools/include/ncurses目录
12、安装MySQLuseradd mysql
添加用户组mysql ,将mysql用户默认组设置为mysql用户组
cd /lamp/mysql-5.0.41./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-debug --enable-thread-safe-client --with-pthread --enable-assembler --enable-profiling --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=all --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-embedded-server --with-server-suffix=-community --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock make make install
--with-extra-charsets=all参数为安装所有字符集
如果不行的话,make clean 后再make ;make install,这样去试一下,默认是不支持innodb存储引擎的.其中--with-plugins=all可以把innodb加载进来.
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf修改mysql配置文件(1)[client]default-character-set=utf8(2)[ mysqld]character-set-server = utf8collation-server = utf8_general_ci#default-storage-engine=innodb(3)打开innodb配置#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M#innodb_log_file_size = 5M#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
生成MySQL配置文件
Setfacl –m u:mysql:rwx –R /usr/local/mysql
Setfacl –m d:u:mysql:rwx –R /usr/local/mysql
用acl来让mysql用户对/usr/local/mysql有所有权限
在FreeBSD下以上不成功的话用
修改 /usr/local/mysql 目录属主及其属组为mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
创建数据库授权表
启动MySQL服务
(1)用原本源代码的方式去使用和启动mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
(2)重启以后还要生效:
Vi /etc/rc.local/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password kkk
给mysql用户root加密码.密码为kkk
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -pkkk test mysql>show databases;mysql>use testmysql>show tables;
进入mysql以后用set来改密码.
mysql> exit
登录MySQL客户端控制台设置指定root密码
13、安装PHP
编译前确保系统已经安装了libtool和libtool-ltdl软件包,若没有安装使用yum或rpm安装下:
yum install libtool*yum install libtool-ltdl* cd /lamp/php-5.2.6./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc/ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2/ --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng/ --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype/ --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2/ --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt/ --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-soap --enable-mbstring=all --enable-sockets
若前面配置zlib时没有指定安装目录,PHP配置时不要添加--with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib/参数
make
install
生成php.ini(php的配置文件)
cp /lamp/php-5.2.6/php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
测试apache与php的连通性,看apache是否能解析php文件
vi /usr/local/apache2/etc//httpd.conf AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .phps (注意T的大小写).phtml为将.phps做为PHP源文件进行语法高亮显示
重启Apache服务:/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
#php生效, /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop/start
Apache无法启动,提示cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied错误,为SELinux问题,可关闭SELinux或者执行命令chcon -t
texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so
测试:vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/test.php<? phpinfo();?>
通过浏览器输入地址访问:http://Apache服务器地址/test.php
有时第一次浏览器测试会失败,关闭浏览器重启再尝试即可,非编译错误
14、编译安装memcache
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgzcd memcache-2.2.5/usr/local/php/bin/phpize./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-configmake && make install
15、编译安装 PDO_MYSQL
tar zxvf /lamp/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgzcd /lamp/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2//usr/local/php/bin/phpize./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysqlmake && make install
修改php.ini
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php//lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"extension="memcache.so";extension="pdo.so";extension="pdo_mysql.so";
生成PHP配置文件
16、安装Zend加速器cd /lamp/ZendOptimizer-3.2.6-linux-glibc21-i386
./install.sh注意PHP配置文件和Apache启动脚本所在目录指定正确即可
17、安装memcache源代码
http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.10.tar.gz
首先安装依赖包libevent
yum –y install libevent
主包已经安装,别忘记安装libevent-devel,不然./configure过不去*
Tar xzf /lamp/memcached-1.4.10.tar.gzCd /lamp/memcached-1.4.10./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcacheMake && make installUseradd memcachePasswd memcache
因为系统不能用root运行memcache软件
/usr/local/memcache/bin/memcache –umemcache & #后台运行Netstat –tunpl|grep :11211telnet 192.168.10.1 11211stats
写入自启动:
Vi /etc/rc.local/usr/local/memcache/bin/memcache –umemcache &
如何杀掉后台进程,用kill %1,查看进程用jobs
要注意memcache,因为它有两个源代码包,一个是php驱动库包(memcache-2.2.5.tgz),另一个是memcache主程序源代码包(memcached-1.4.10.tar.gz);